The Patient Health Questionnaire 9-item depression module (PHQ-9) is a well-validated, brief, self-reported, diagnostic, and severity measure of depression designed for use in primary care (PC).

The DAS/VR group experienced significant improvements, with a 70% reduction in Montgomery-Asberg Depression Rating Scale (MADRS) scores, a 64% reduction in PHQ-9 scores, a 29.5% reduction in State ...