Herniated nucleus pulposus (HNP), also referred to as a herniated disc, is a common spine pathology that occurs approximately 95% of the time at the L4-L5 or L5-S1 level (Fisher et al., 2004; Asch ...

MRI at 1.5 T of the lumbar spine revealed a large L4–L5 disc extrusion producing severe central canal stenosis and mild-to-moderate bilateral neuroforaminal narrowing (figure 1). Near complete ...

Researchers assessed physiologic changes of the spine as well as the frequency of low back pain among astronauts during and after spaceflight.

A herniated lumbar disc can push on spinal nerves and cause severe, shooting leg pain, numbness and/or weakness. A percutaneous disc removal (PDR) can remove a portion of the herniated disc that is ...

An MRI scan revealed severe spinal canal stenosis at L3-L4 and L4-L5, as well as a herniated nucleus pulposus on the right at L5-S1 (Figs 11, 12). DC underwent a L3-L5 decompressive laminectomy ...