Alopecia areata is an autoimmune condition affecting hair follicles causing hair loss. It typically presents with discrete bald patches on the scalp but can cause hair loss from all hair-bearing areas on the body. Alopecia is a Latin term meaning hair loss, and areata refers to the patchy nature of the hair loss.

Alopecia areata is a chronic immune-mediated disorder that targets anagen hair follicles and causes nonscarring hair loss. The condition most commonly presents with discrete, smooth patches of alopecia on the scalp but may also affect other hair-bearing areas, such as the eyebrows, eyelashes, beard, torso, and extremities ( picture 1A-I ).

Identify the clinical manifestations and characteristic features of alopecia areata for accurate diagnosis. Screen patients for signs and symptoms indicative of alopecia areata during routine examinations. Implement evidence-based treatment strategies based on the severity and extent of hair loss in patients with alopecia areata.

Alopecia areata is an autoimmune disease that attacks your body’s hair follicles, causing patchy hair loss. Medications and therapies can help your hair regrow, though severe cases may not respond to treatment. A person with round bald patches from alopecia areata. What is alopecia areata?

Doctors usually diagnose alopecia areata by: Examining the areas where the hair has been lost and looking at your nails. Examining your hair and hair follicle openings using a handheld magnifying device. Asking about your medical and family history. Other health conditions can cause hair to fall out in the same pattern as alopecia areata.