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  1. Battle of Aleppo (2012–2016) - Wikipedia

    • The Battle of Aleppo (Arabic: مَعْرَكَةُ حَلَبَ, romanized: Maʿrakat Ḥalab) was a major military confrontation in Aleppo, the largest city in Syria, between the Syrian opposition (including the Free Syrian Army (FSA) and other largely-Sunni groups, such as the Levant Front and the al-Qaeda-affiliated al-Nusra Front) against the Syrian government, supported by Hezbollah, Shia … See more

    Background

    In 2011, Aleppo was Syria's largest city, with a population of 2.5 million people. A UNESCO World Heritage Site, it has been … See more

    Combatants

    At the beginning of the Battle of Aleppo, rebels reportedly had between 6,000 and 7,000 fighters in 18 battalions. The largest rebel group was the al-Tawhid Brigade and the most prominent was the Free Syrian Army, … See more

    Date19 July 2012 – 22 December 2016 · (4 years, 5 months and 3 days)
    LocationAleppo, Aleppo Governorate, Syria
    ResultSyrian Army and allied victory · City divided between a government-held west and rebel-held east, with two northern districts YPG-held, from July 2012 to November 2016 · UNESCO World heritage site Ancient City of Aleppo largely damaged in the fighting · In December 2016, pro-government forces gained control of all of the formerly rebel-held east · The YPG controls Kurdish-majority Sheikh Maqsoud
    Course of the battle

    Gunfire between rebels and security forces broke out in and around Salaheddine, a district in the city's southwest, on the night of 19 July 2012.
    In late July and early August 2012, the FSA continued it… See more

    Aftermath

    On 22 February 2018, it was reported that the YPG had agreed to hand over the eastern districts of the city of Aleppo to the Syrian government. According to Syrian state television, this decision was made to reinforce po… See more

    Strategic analysis

    Rebel forces expanded into the countryside south of Aleppo to control sections of the M4 and M5 highways, effectively blocking ground reinforcements for the Syrian Army. Before the end of 2012, the Syrian Army in Aleppo was … See more

    Casualties

    With over four years of fighting, the Battle of Aleppo represents one of the longest sieges in modern warfare, which left at least 31,273 people dead, almost a tenth of the overall Syrian war casualties at the time. The … See more

    Allegations of war crimes

    Aleppo suffered catastrophic damage during the four-year siege and battle. According to an Amnesty International report, government forces have been responsible for the majority of violations in the conflict i… See more

     
  1. The northern Syrian city of Aleppo was caught in a brutal four-year deadlock. It was a key battleground in the war between forces loyal to President Bashar al-Assad and rebels who want to overthrow him.
    www.bbc.com/news/world-middle-east-38132163
    www.bbc.com/news/world-middle-east-38132163
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  2. Battle of Aleppo (2024) - Wikipedia

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    Nov 27, 2024 · Syrian rebels have launched a large-scale attack on regime forces in western Aleppo, according to a Free Syrian Army source and local residents, marking the first major flare-up in years between...